Dogs aren't exempt from getting dirty and smelly, but sometimes the cause of odors on a dog isn't just because it's time for a regular bath. Various infections, dental issues, and even run-ins with wildlife can cause seemingly unexplained odors on a dog. There can be many reasons why a dog has a foul odor. Sometimes a bath may be all that a dog needs but other times veterinary attention is necessary to fix the source of the smell.

Why Do Dogs Smell Bad?

When we think about the cause of traditional body odor, it is caused by bacteria present on the skin which break down proteins resulting in a foul smell. Our olfactory cells are special cells inside our nose that detect these particles in the air and communicate with our brain the type and strength of the smell.

Dogs naturally produce scents that allow other dogs to identify them, and these odors are strongest around the anus, ears, and paws. Some dogs naturally produce more odor than others, something that can be a real turn-off for humans.

But what about smells other than traditional body odor? Sometimes things that smell contain components like sulfur compounds or the fermentation products of yeast. These emit their own distinct odors and we recognize them as offensive scents.

Ear Infections

Some of the most common pet insurance claims are for ear infections in dogs. Ear infections can contain yeast and/or bacteria, both of which are malodorous. Simple ear debris will often not have as strong an odor to them as infected ears will have. If you notice an unusual odor or debris in your dog's ears, or if they are scratching at them, it's time to contact your veterinarian.

Skin Disease

The skin is a natural barrier to infection; when it is compromised, infection, irritation and abnormal oil production are possible. There are several potential causes of skin disease in dogs. Allergies, hormonal imbalances, fungal infections, external parasites, inflammation, wounds, bleeding tumors, and other skin issues can cause bacteria and yeast on the skin's surface to take hold and produce foul odors. Your veterinarian can perform tests to identify the type of infection or the underlying cause of the problem through tests on the skin and sometimes blood tests. Medicated shampoos, antibiotics, and other treatments are usually required to combat these causes of odor.

Dental Disease

Bad breath is difficult to ignore, especially in a dog that regularly licks your face. If dental disease is present, foul odors will soon follow from a build up of plaque and possible infections. Dental disease can occasionally lead to infections in other organs such as the heart and kidneys. Regular tooth brushing and professional dental cleanings at your local veterinary hospital are typically necessary to keep bad breath and dental disease away.

Skunk Spray

This distinct smell only comes from one source. If your dog has been sprayed by a skunk it will need a special bath to get rid of the smell.

Rolling in Something Stinky

Dogs love to roll around in smelly things, which results in a stinky dog. If your dog has been having a little too much fun outside in the yard, a simple bath should undo this damage.

Dirty Water

If your dog has recently been swimming in dirty water, an unpleasant odor might linger even after your dog has dried. If this occurs, it's time for a shampoo!

Gas

Dogs occasionally experience flatulence and, unfortunately, we have to smell it. But what causes this gas? Digestive upset from dietary changes like a new food or treat, eating something in the yard, medications, intestinal parasites, and even just stress can result in some noxious fumes coming from your dog's hind end. Talk with your veterinarian if the amount of gas seems abnormal or if it coincides with other symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, or a change in appetite.

Anal Gland Issues

Anal glands are two small sacs in the wall of the rectum of dogs that contain foul-smelling liquid that is used in scent marking in the wild. Dogs will naturally express their glands if they are defecating or sometimes when scared. If a dog expresses its glands, a very unpleasant odor will sometimes remain. A good bath can easily clean this up, thankfully. However, you may need to contact your vet to fully express the anal glands, especially if your dog is scooting or licking their rear end.

Internal Organ Disease

Some diseases that affect the internal organs of a dog can result in bad breath. Both kidney failure and diabetes can give your dog unusually bad breath. These diseases often also cause your pet to feel very sick and you may notice signs like changes in appetite, increased urination, lethargy, and weight loss. Contact your veterinarian right away if you notice any concerning signs or smells.

What to Do If Your Dog Smells Bad

If your dog is just a little stinkier than usual, it might simply be time for a bath. However, if you suddenly notice a new or pungent odor coming from your dog, more investigation is needed, Check your dog's ears, mouth, paws, skin, and anal area for clues about the source of the odor. Contact your veterinarian if you find evidence of a health problem or if you cannot eliminate the odor with a bath.

Treatment for Dog Odor

If your dog's odor is caused by a physical issue, veterinary treatment may be necessary. Depending on the cause of the unpleasant smell, regular or medicated baths might help. If there is an infection present, your veterinarian may prescribe antibiotics, antifungals, or other medications.

In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove the source of the smell, especially if your vet discovers diseased teeth or an infected tumor.

How to Prevent Foul Odors in Dogs

In general, regular gentle baths are the best way to prevent bad smells in dogs. However, don't over-bathe as it can dry out the skin. Ask your vet about the appropriate timing of baths and the best products to use. Most healthy dogs do well with monthly baths using pet-specific, soap-free shampoos, but each dog has individual needs.

Keeping up with recommended wellness vet visits is another way to prevent odors. Your vet may be able to detect changes that might lead to odors and treat them before they even become an issue.